Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition primarily driven by IL-17, which stimulates excessive keratinocyte proliferation and inflammatory cytokine release. One key chemokine, CCL20, further promotes immune cell infiltration, worsening inflammation. Current treatments, though effective, pose challenges like high costs,…
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition marked by persistent redness, visible blood vessels, and facial lesions, affecting approximately 5.5% of the global population. Triggers include UV exposure, heat, spicy food, and genetic factors. At the molecular level, excess activation…
Olive mill wastewater (OMWW), a major byproduct of olive oil production, has long been considered an environmental pollutant. However, its rich phenolic content, surpassing even that of olive oil, is now gaining attention for its dermatological potential. These bioactive compounds…
Skincare science is shifting toward holistic well-being and natural functionality. Consumers increasingly prefer plant-based formulations that support both aesthetics and skin health. Officinal plants those with a history of medicinal use are rich in bioactive compounds like polyphenols and flavonoids,…
Maintaining radiant and healthy skin is a common goal, yet it presents several challenges, including combating environmental damage from free radicals, promoting the natural repair processes, and ensuring proper hydration and luminosity. Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, has…
In the era of clean beauty, the phrase “If I can’t eat it, I won’t put it on my skin” has emerged as a simplified expression of a much more complex idea. It implies an intuitive connection between the food we…
Skin aging is driven not just by genetics but also by environmental stressors, particularly sunlight. While UV radiation is a known culprit, infrared-A and visible light—especially blue light—also accelerate photoaging. Blue light can increase free radicals, trigger inflammation, and reduce…
The skin, our largest organ, protects us from infections, regulates temperature, and supports immune function. Yet it’s vulnerable to chronic wounds, infections, and pigmentation disorders. Conventional treatments often fall short—facing rising antimicrobial resistance and side effects. This has sparked growing…
The skin serves as our first line of defense against the environment, but it’s constantly under threat from aging, pollution, and chronic conditions. These factors can compromise its structure, slowing healing, triggering inflammation, and accelerating aging. In the search for…
The stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the skin, is vital for preventing water loss and shielding the body from external threats. This barrier function depends heavily on its unique structure—keratin-filled cells (corneocytes) embedded in a lipid matrix made…