Air pollution constitutes a significant global health risk, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. While the detrimental effects of airborne pollutants—such as ozone, particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and oxides—on internal organs are well-documented, the impact on…
Skin aging is recognized as a complex process influenced by intrinsic (genetically determined) and extrinsic (environmental factors like UV exposure, pollution, and lifestyle) factors. These processes lead to significant structural and functional changes in the skin, including reduced elasticity, loss…
The maintenance of skin strength and elasticity depends heavily on the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is composed primarily of elastin, hyaluronic acid, and collagen. Skin aging, driven by both extrinsic and intrinsic factors, is characterized by a reduction in ECM…
Effective topical treatment for nail fungal infection, or onychomycosis (ONC), faces significant hurdles primarily due to the poor permeation of active ingredients across the nail plate. The nail plate is a thick, hard keratin structure. ONC is responsible for 15%…
Hyperpigmentation disorders are prevalent and distressing conditions characterized by the excessive secretion of melanin in the epidermis and/or dermis. Among these, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), which involves skin darkening resulting from inflammation and subsequent activation of melanogenesis by inflammatory mediators, represents…
Monsoon brings relief from the scorching summer, but along with the refreshing showers comes a new set of challenges for skin health. Increased humidity, fluctuating temperatures, and heightened microbial activity all influence how skin behaves during the rainy season. Understanding…
The cosmetic industry, a significant sector of the global economy, has seen substantial advancements in formulation and technology, driven by increasing consumer concerns regarding skin aging, dermatological imperfections, and conditions like acne and skin cancer. This heightened awareness has spurred…
The human skin harbors a complex ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, collectively known as the skin microbiome, which is crucial for maintaining skin health, immunity, and overall appearance. This intricate balance protects the skin barrier from infections and pathogenic…
Maintaining skin health, particularly through proper moisturization, is increasingly recognized as fundamental in the rapidly growing cosmetics industry. Consumers widely utilize skin moisturizers to preserve youthful, hydrated skin, prevent dryness, and reduce transepidermal water loss (TEWL). These products are crucial…
The cosmetics industry is increasingly driven by consumer demand for eco-friendly, natural ingredients that offer diverse biological activities. This shift highlights a pressing need for alternatives to synthetic additives, which contribute to environmental micropollutants. Microalgae and cyanobacteria, often regarded as…