As climate change intensifies UV exposure and consumers increasingly demand safer, multifunctional sun care, the limitations of conventional sunscreens—narrow-spectrum protection, poor aesthetics, environmental concerns—have become evident. This review by Sullivan et al. explores how emerging innovations in photoprotection science, formulation technologies, and biotechnology offer a more holistic, effective, and sustainable approach to skin protection against solar radiation. The solution proposed: a multidisciplinary framework integrating molecular biology, cosmetic chemistry, and environmental safety to address evolving challenges in sun care.
Methods
The authors conducted a comprehensive literature review covering historical and current photoprotection methods, biological effects of UV, blue light, and infrared radiation, and recent advances in sunscreen filters, delivery systems, in vitro test models, and regulatory policies. Innovations in artificial intelligence and biotechnological ingredients were also assessed for their roles in future sunscreen development.
Key Findings
- Radiation Impact: UVA, UVB, blue light, and infrared radiation cause photoaging, DNA damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and immunosuppression.
- RNA Damage & Circadian Influence: UV-induced RNA damage and time-of-day exposure influence skin inflammation and repair.
- Environmental Synergy: Combined exposure to UV and pollutants (ozone, diesel exhaust) exacerbates skin damage.
- Skin Microbiome: UV affects microbiota composition; preserving the microbiome may support photoprotection.
- Formulation Advances: Encapsulation (e.g., liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles), SPF boosters, and new delivery methods improve efficacy and aesthetics.
- UV Filter Development: New filters like MCE and phenylene bis-diphenyltriazine offer better UVA1 and blue light protection; however, U.S. regulations limit innovation.
- AI in Sunscreen Science: Artificial intelligence aids in UV filter discovery, testing, and personalized product recommendations.
- Biotech Ingredients: Engineered enzymes and microorganisms are promising sustainable alternatives to conventional UV filters.
This review is novel in its integrated, forward-looking approach to photoprotection. It highlights how combining biochemistry, material science, microbiome research, and digital tools can revolutionize sun care. The future lies in regulatory reform, multidisciplinary research, and sustainable innovation to develop next-generation sunscreens that are broad-spectrum, eco-conscious, and consumer-friendly.
Link to the study: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/12/3/96
