Aging, characterized by declining physical and cognitive functions, is a significant concern, spurring the exploration of anti-aging strategies. Exposure to UV radiation accelerates skin aging, causing wrinkles and loss of elasticity. Pterostilbene, a natural compound with enhanced bioavailability compared to resveratrol, has emerged as a potential solution due to its reported antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and UV-protective properties. Researchers investigated the anti-aging efficacy of pterostilbene using in vitro methods, providing insights into its potential as a cosmetic ingredient.
Methods
The anti-aging activity of pterostilbene was assessed using a human dermal fibroblast assay and an in vitro skin experiment. Fibroblasts were exposed to UVA irradiation, and in vitro skin tissues were subjected to UVA and UVB irradiation in the presence of pterostilbene. The effects of pterostilbene on gene expression, protein content, skin morphology, and collagen structure were evaluated using qRT-PCR, ELISA assays, H&E staining, Masson staining, and immunofluorescence staining. Statistical analyses were performed to determine significant differences between treatment groups.
Results
• Cytotoxicity Assay:
- Pterostilbene was found to be safe for use on fibroblasts at concentrations of 3.90 µg/mL or lower.
•UVA-Irradiated Fibroblasts:
- Pterostilbene downregulated MMP-1 gene expression by 18.62%.
- Pterostilbene decreased MMP-1 and MMP-3 content by 10.08% and 15.10% respectively, and increased collagen I content by 33.92%.
•UVA- and UVB-Irradiated In Vitro Skin:
- Pterostilbene improved epidermal thickness, maintaining skin morphology.
- Pterostilbene increased collagen fiber content by 88.57%.
- Pterostilbene increased collagen IV content by 30.95%, collagen VII by 25.64%, and FGF-β by 15.67%.
This study demonstrates that pterostilbene exhibits significant anti-aging effects by protecting skin from UV irradiation-induced damage. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive in vitro investigation of pterostilbene’s anti-aging mechanisms, highlighting its potential as a multi-pathway cosmetic ingredient for promoting skin health. Future research should focus on clinical trials and detailed mechanistic studies to validate these findings and explore the full potential of pterostilbene in cosmetic applications.
Link to the study: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/12/1/23
