Hair is often considered a symbol of youth and confidence, and its loss can negatively impact self-esteem, leading to various psychological issues such as anxiety and depression. While androgenetic alopecia has been extensively studied, hair loss is increasingly prevalent among…
The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) poses a significant global health threat, rendering many conventional antibiotics ineffective. This issue extends to common skin infections, where bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis exhibit growing resistance. Furthermore, cosmetic products, while…
The detrimental effects of solar radiation on the skin are well-established, with ultraviolet (UV) radiation long being the primary focus of sun protection strategies. However, recent scientific evidence indicates that infrared (IR) radiation also contributes significantly to skin photoaging, increases…
Skin aging is a complex biological process characterized by the breakdown of key structural components like collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid in the extracellular matrix (ECM). This degradation leads to a weakening of the skin structure, loss of elasticity, and…
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is a significant primary risk factor for various detrimental skin conditions, including erythema, sunburn, hyperpigmentation, premature aging (photoaging), and the development of skin cancer. To counteract these harmful effects, sunscreens containing UV…
Maintaining skin moisturization is fundamental to preserving its structure, barrier function, and resilience. When the skin’s ability to retain moisture is compromised, dryness sets in often bringing discomfort, dullness, and a weakened defense against environmental stressors. To effectively manage dry…
Emulsions form the backbone of a vast majority of beauty and personal care products, particularly in the skin and hair care sectors, owing to their remarkable versatility. However, these formulations, being dispersions of two immiscible liquids, are inherently thermodynamically unstable,…
The skin, as the outermost layer of the body, serves as a crucial barrier against environmental insults, including solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. While UV exposure is essential for vitamin D synthesis, excessive exposure, particularly to UVB (290-320 nm), is a…
Acne vulgaris is a prevalent multifactorial dermatological condition characterized by hyperkeratinization of sebaceous follicles, often leading to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). Acne imposes substantial social, psychological, and physical burdens on affected individuals. The complex pathophysiology of acne, involving excessive sebum production,…
Skin photoageing, accelerated by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, is a significant dermatological concern characterized by DNA damage, collagen and elastin degradation, free radical production, uneven pigmentation, laxity, wrinkles, and other skin issues. While retinol (RT) and retinyl palmitate (RP) have individually…