Maintaining microbial quality in cosmetic products is essential to protect consumer health. Water-rich formulations are especially susceptible to contamination by microbes like Candida albicans, a polymorphic fungus that can become pathogenic, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Contamination not only affects product…
Skin is constantly exposed to external irritants like UV rays, IR, harsh surfactants, and retinoids—all of which can compromise the barrier, increase transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and trigger inflammation through pathways such as NF-κB and MAPKs. This study investigated the…
Skin aging, often characterized by the appearance of wrinkles, is a significant concern. One factor contributing to wrinkle formation is the decrease in stratum corneum water content, which is associated with compromised skin barrier function. Maintaining adequate hydration and a…
Skin hyperpigmentation disorders, such as melasma, freckles, and solar lentigines, are associated with elevated activity of the enzyme tyrosinase, which plays a central role in melanin biosynthesis. Topical application of tyrosinase inhibitors is a key strategy for preventing or treating…
Traditional medicine and plant-derived compounds have a long history of use across various cultures, valued for their medicinal properties. These natural remedies are increasingly popular due to their accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and perceived safety compared to synthetic pharmaceutical products. One area…
The cosmetic industry is currently undergoing a significant shift, driven by increasing consumer awareness regarding the potential negative impacts of synthetic ingredients on both human health and the environment. Traditional cosmetics often contain coloring agents and other synthetic components that…