Niacinamide, also known as nicotinamide, is a form of vitamin B3 (part of the vitamin B3 family which includes nicotinic acid and nicotinamide riboside) that is not endogenously synthesized by the body. Once absorbed, these forms are converted into nicotinamide…
The skin is more than a physical shield against the outside world. As the body’s largest organ, it functions as a diagnostic window, reflecting internal health conditions ranging from hormonal imbalances to systemic inflammation. Dermatologists have long recognized the skin…
The human skin serves as a crucial protective barrier, home to billions of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea, collectively known as the skin microbiome. This complex microbial community plays a vital role in maintaining inflammatory homeostasis and regulating…
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting a significant portion of children, accounting for 15.6–24% of childhood diseases. Its pathogenesis is complex, involving an interplay of skin barrier dysfunction and immune abnormalities, influenced by both genetic and…
Skin aging is a complex biological process primarily driven by oxidative stress and the enzymatic degradation of key structural proteins, collagen and elastin, catalyzed by proteases like collagenase and elastase. These enzymes, classified as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), are physiologically regulated,…
Wound healing is a complex and highly coordinated biological process that proceeds through distinct phases: homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Each phase is critically regulated by an intricate network of signaling pathways, and any disruption to this delicate balance can…