Aging of the skin is a complex biological process influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and collagen degradation. One promising approach to combating skin aging involves the use of plant oils rich in unsaturated fatty acids due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Nanoemulsion technology, which enhances the delivery and absorption of active compounds through the skin, has emerged as a novel approach to amplify the efficacy of these plant oils. The current study investigates the development and efficacy of nanoemulgels containing black mustard oil and flaxseed oil.
Methods
Two plant oils—black mustard oil (MS) and flaxseed oil (FS)—were formulated into nanoemulsions. Nanoemulgels were prepared using varying concentrations of oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants to optimize the physicochemical properties. Emulsion characteristics such as globule size (GZ), zeta potential (ZP), and polydispersity index (PDI) were measured to ensure stability. D-galactose-induced aged rats were used as an in vivo model for aging.
Skin samples were analyzed for biochemical markers of aging, including oxidative stress indicators (MDA, PC, SOD, CAT), amino acid levels, and collagen content. Histological studies were conducted to observe the structural changes in the skin before and after treatment.
Key Findings
- Physical Evaluation: The globule size of nanoemulsions correlated with oil concentration, with FS-based formulations showing smaller globules due to lower surface tension compared to MS formulations. Both formulations demonstrated a narrow particle size distribution, with zeta potential values exceeding ±10 mV, indicating stability. The emulsions exhibited high cloud points (>37°C), suggesting their resilience to temperature changes.
- Biochemical Evaluation: Nanoemulgels improved oxidative stress markers in aged rats, reducing MDA and PC levels while enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD and CAT). The omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in FS and MS oils significantly contributed to the reduction of inflammation via the IL-1β/IKB-α/NF-κB signaling pathways, thereby promoting skin health. Omega-3 fatty acids played a crucial role in barrier function, while omega-6 supported ceramide synthesis for hydration and protection.
- Histological Findings: Treated skin showed improved organization of epidermal cells, increased collagen deposition, and a more uniform stratum corneum, indicative of enhanced skin barrier function. The dermis exhibited signs of collagen regeneration, contributing to firmer and more elastic skin. Additionally, omega-rich oils demonstrated moisturizing properties, crucial for maintaining hydration in aged skin.
- Correlation Analysis: Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive association between collagen levels and the reduction in oxidative stress markers, underscoring the efficacy of omega-rich oils in improving skin structure and reducing signs of aging.
The nanoemulsions significantly improved collagen production, antioxidant activity, and skin hydration in the D-galactose-induced aging model. These findings suggest that nanoemulgels are an effective vehicle for delivering plant oils, providing a promising strategy for combating skin aging through enhanced bioavailability and absorption of essential fatty acids.
Link to the study: https://tinyurl.com/yd4cyaf2
