Alopecia areata (AA) is a common, chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by non-scarring hair loss that significantly affects approximately 2% of the global population. The disease imposes a substantial psychosocial burden, often linked to anxiety and depression. Pathogenically, AA is driven…
The integrity of the skin’s protective and regulatory barrier function is primarily achieved within the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the epidermis. The SC utilizes a “brick-and-mortar” structure where corneocytes (bricks) are embedded in a matrix of highly…
Aging is a complex physiological process driven by diverse causes, frequently categorized into the “programmed theory” (congenital programming by genes) and the “accumulation of damage” to cellular components. Facial skin, in particular, is susceptible to damage, often resulting from UV…
Traditional and modern applications recognize the therapeutic potential of Sapindus mukorossi (S. mukorossi), commonly known as the soapnut tree, particularly for skin care and wound treatment. Extracts from the fruit pericarp and seed oil of S. mukorossi have shown promising…
The stratum corneum (SC), the skin’s outermost layer, is vital for maintaining skin barrier function, offering protection against physical and chemical damage and preventing transepidermal water loss. This protective structure is maintained by a layered architecture, where specialized intercellular adhesion…
Skin repair and anti-aging are established and vital research themes in dermatological and cosmetic science. As the largest immune organ, the skin gradually loses its physiological function and structural integrity due to internal (endogenous) factors like oxidative stress and inflammation,…
Interest in the process of aging and efforts to slow its progression have recently increased. Skin aging is a natural process characterized by a weakened skin barrier, reduced sebum production, and slower epidermal cell regeneration, leading to issues like discoloration,…
The skin, as the largest organ, is highly vulnerable to structural and functional damage resulting from continuous exposure to environmental agents, particularly ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Excessive sun exposure, intensified by factors like ozone layer depletion, is strongly linked to various…
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation poses significant adverse effects on human health. UV light can be directly absorbed by cellular DNA, leading to the formation of dimeric photoproducts between adjacent pyrimidine bases, which can result in harmful outcomes such as…
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an essential linear, non-sulfated polysaccharide found abundantly in human skin, where it plays a critical structural role in the extracellular matrix, helping to maintain skin plumping and hydration. Beyond its structural function, HA is recognized for…