The human skin serves as a crucial protective barrier, home to billions of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea, collectively known as the skin microbiome. This complex microbial community plays a vital role in maintaining inflammatory homeostasis and regulating…
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting a significant portion of children, accounting for 15.6–24% of childhood diseases. Its pathogenesis is complex, involving an interplay of skin barrier dysfunction and immune abnormalities, influenced by both genetic and…
Skin aging is a complex biological process primarily driven by oxidative stress and the enzymatic degradation of key structural proteins, collagen and elastin, catalyzed by proteases like collagenase and elastase. These enzymes, classified as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), are physiologically regulated,…
Wound healing is a complex and highly coordinated biological process that proceeds through distinct phases: homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Each phase is critically regulated by an intricate network of signaling pathways, and any disruption to this delicate balance can…
The global healthcare landscape faces ongoing challenges, driving a continuous search for effective and safe therapeutic agents, particularly from natural sources. Plants are a recognized rich reservoir of secondary metabolites, which are extensively studied for their diverse pharmacological effects, contributing…
Vitamin D deficiency is a widespread health concern with implications ranging from bone disorders to immune system dysregulation. While oral supplementation is common, topical application offers a promising alternative, particularly for dermatological conditions like vitiligo, which is characterized by a…
Maintaining skin integrity is a complex and crucial biological process, particularly as skin ages or becomes compromised, where effective wound healing and barrier restoration are vital for overall health and protection against environmental stressors, dehydration, and pathogens. Impaired wound healing,…
The modern cosmetics industry faces an increasing demand for natural, multifunctional dermocosmetic formulations, especially those that offer antioxidant and photoprotective benefits. Traditional synthetic ingredients often raise concerns regarding their environmental impact and potential health effects, driving a shift towards sustainable,…
Tyrosinase, a copper-dependent oxidase, plays a pivotal role in melanin biosynthesis, catalyzing the conversion of tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) and subsequently to dopaquinone, which leads to melanin formation. While melanin is essential for skin, hair, and eye coloration and provides…
Photoaging is a progressive and multifactorial skin aging process primarily triggered by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This condition results in significant structural and functional impairments in the skin, including the formation of wrinkles, loss of elasticity, pigmentation irregularities,…