Acne vulgaris is a widespread chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting the pilosebaceous unit. Common among adolescents and young adults, it results in lesions on the face, trunk, and back, often causing psychological distress and scarring. Key contributing factors include hyperkeratinization,…
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of hair loss, affecting up to 80% of men and 50% of women by age 50. It involves progressive miniaturization of hair follicles, shortening of the growth phase, and a shift toward…
The rise of natural cosmeceuticals has placed increasing focus on botanical ingredients, especially those with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin-repairing properties. Honeysuckle flower (Lonicera japonica) is rich in phytochemicals such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and iridoids, and has shown therapeutic potential…
Skin aging is a complex, multifactorial process shaped by internal factors like genetics and hormonal decline, and external stressors such as UV radiation and pollution. These trigger changes ranging from fine lines and dryness to reduced elasticity and pigmentation. Today’s…
Preservatives play a crucial role in extending the shelf life and ensuring the safety of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food products. However, synthetic preservatives often raise safety concerns, including skin irritation, endocrine disruption, and microbiome alteration. As consumer demand for sustainable…
With increasing consumer demand for natural, eco-friendly skincare, repurposing agricultural by-products has gained attention. Plum plants (Prunus spp.), though economically important, leave behind discarded leaves that contribute to environmental waste. Rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds like rutin, these leaves…
Skin aging is not just a cosmetic concern—it reflects deeper changes that impact barrier function, immune defense, and overall skin health. Aging manifests as wrinkles, thinning, and pigment irregularities, caused by intrinsic (chronological) and extrinsic (environmental) factors. As life expectancy…
Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis (IAD) is a painful and widespread skin condition in older adults caused by prolonged exposure to urine and/or feces. It leads to inflammation, maceration, erosion, and secondary infections, impacting quality of life. With incontinence affecting up to 80%…
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition primarily driven by IL-17, which stimulates excessive keratinocyte proliferation and inflammatory cytokine release. One key chemokine, CCL20, further promotes immune cell infiltration, worsening inflammation. Current treatments, though effective, pose challenges like high costs,…
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition marked by persistent redness, visible blood vessels, and facial lesions, affecting approximately 5.5% of the global population. Triggers include UV exposure, heat, spicy food, and genetic factors. At the molecular level, excess activation…