Skin pigmentation, primarily governed by the synthesis of melanin (melanogenesis), is essential for protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, excessive melanin production leads to hyperpigmentation disorders such as melasma, freckles, and age spots. The central process of melanogenesis relies on…
Skin aging, particularly photoaging, is a complex process primarily driven by chronic exposure to solar radiation. This environmental stress leads to the induction of free radicals, cellular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, and structural alterations in the skin. The cumulative effect…
Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common precancerous lesion that forms on photo-damaged skin, particularly affecting older adults and immunocompromised individuals. AK is a significant global health burden, with an estimated 1.1 billion individuals affected worldwide, and it carries the serious…
Hair loss and scalp dysfunction are common and widespread conditions, such as androgenetic alopecia (AGA), which affects a significant portion of the population and can profoundly impact an individual’s psychosocial well-being and quality of life. While conventional FDA-approved treatments like…
Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) are natural nanocarriers rapidly gaining significant attention in both cosmetics and regenerative medicine. Their appeal stems from their biocompatibility, natural origin, and capacity to deliver promising bioactive components, such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and secondary…
Oxidative stress and inflammation, significantly accelerated by ultraviolet (UV) exposure, are major factors in skin aging and numerous physiological disorders. UV radiation generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause oxidative damage, accelerate cellular senescence, and promote premature skin aging and…
The cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) is a tropical pseudo-fruit known to be rich in bioactive constituents such as ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids, which are associated with anti-aging and wound healing properties. Despite its high potential for cosmetic…
The skin, as the largest organ of the human body, is consistently subjected to environmental stressors like ultraviolet (UV) radiation and pollution. These stressors lead to oxidative stress, which is a primary driver of accelerated skin aging, manifesting as wrinkles,…
The Issue and the Potential Solution Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil.) is a medicinal plant known for containing bioactive alkaloids, such as mitragynine, which historically provide stimulant and analgesic effects. However, significant safety concerns, especially regarding potential adverse effects at…
Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a prevalent, chronic relapsing inflammatory skin condition that affects patients of all ages, with a global prevalence of ≥ 5%. Patients suffering from SD typically develop pruritic, erythematous patches that feature easily detachable scales, primarily in…