Skin aging is a complex biological process characterized by the breakdown of key structural components like collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid in the extracellular matrix (ECM). This degradation leads to a weakening of the skin structure, loss of elasticity, and…
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is a significant primary risk factor for various detrimental skin conditions, including erythema, sunburn, hyperpigmentation, premature aging (photoaging), and the development of skin cancer. To counteract these harmful effects, sunscreens containing UV…
Emulsions form the backbone of a vast majority of beauty and personal care products, particularly in the skin and hair care sectors, owing to their remarkable versatility. However, these formulations, being dispersions of two immiscible liquids, are inherently thermodynamically unstable,…
The skin, as the outermost layer of the body, serves as a crucial barrier against environmental insults, including solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. While UV exposure is essential for vitamin D synthesis, excessive exposure, particularly to UVB (290-320 nm), is a…
Acne vulgaris is a prevalent multifactorial dermatological condition characterized by hyperkeratinization of sebaceous follicles, often leading to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). Acne imposes substantial social, psychological, and physical burdens on affected individuals. The complex pathophysiology of acne, involving excessive sebum production,…
Skin photoageing, accelerated by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, is a significant dermatological concern characterized by DNA damage, collagen and elastin degradation, free radical production, uneven pigmentation, laxity, wrinkles, and other skin issues. While retinol (RT) and retinyl palmitate (RP) have individually…
The skin, acting as the body’s primary defense, hosts a diverse microbial community, with the fungal genus Malassezia being a significant component. While often a commensal, excessive growth or metabolic dysregulation of Malassezia, a lipid-dependent yeast, is strongly associated with…
Excessive sebum production is a common dermatological concern, particularly among adolescents and young adults, leading to oily skin, shiny appearance, and contributing to the development of comedones and inflammatory acne lesions. The demand for effective and safe solutions, especially those…
Urban air pollution, characterized by elevated levels of particulate matter (PM), poses a significant threat to skin health. Exposure to PM induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and structural skin damage, contributing to premature aging and reduced skin integrity. PM, containing harmful…
The increasing demand for botanical active ingredients in the cosmetics industry has unfortunately led to a significant rise in the prevalence of botanical adulteration. This adulteration can occur at various stages, from the crude raw material to the processed extracts,…