The human skin, being the body’s largest organ, hosts a complex and dynamic ecosystem of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Maintaining the dynamic equilibrium (homeostasis) between resident commensal bacteria, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, and transient pathogenic bacteria, like Escherichia…
The pursuit of sustainable development necessitates a crucial shift toward a circular economy model, particularly in industries dealing with significant agri-food waste. By-products from commonly consumed fruits, such as avocado, apple, and kiwi, are frequently discarded despite being rich sources…
Skin aging is a complex biological process significantly driven by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and mitochondrial dysfunction. The skin, as the body’s largest organ, constantly renews itself and requires substantial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced by mitochondria. During aging, ROS are…
Chronic dermatological conditions, notably acne vulgaris, androgenetic alopecia (AGA), and alopecia areata (AA), represent a significant burden worldwide, affecting hundreds of millions of individuals and substantially impairing quality of life. Acne alone ranks among the leading causes of disability-adjusted life…
Curcumin (Cur), a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound derived from Curcuma longa, is highly valued in cosmeceutical formulations due to its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Cur plays a multifaceted role in skincare, helping to protect against oxidative stress and premature…
Skin disorders such as photoaging, sunburn, hyperpigmentation, and carcinogenesis represent significant global health and cosmetic challenges, especially as exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation intensifies. Sunscreen formulations are essential tools designed to prevent photodamage and deliver therapeutic benefits. However, the reliance…
Acne is a pervasive skin disorder linked to the pilosebaceous components of the skin (hair follicles and oil glands). It manifests clinically through seborrhea and inflammatory or non-inflammatory lesions, often resulting in scarred skin. Acne is highly prevalent among adolescents,…
Epidermal photoinflammation has been identified as an atypical pathological response that poses a growing global threat to human health and well-being. The skin’s protective barrier, primarily relying on the stratum corneum, is disrupted by excessive external stimuli. Among these stimuli,…
Skin aging is driven by both intrinsic chronologic processes and extrinsic factors, primarily photoaging due to ultraviolet (UV) exposure. This degradation manifests as wrinkles, sagging, laxity, and uneven texture, underpinned by structural changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Critical components…
Ginkgo biloba L. leaves contain important bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, organic acids, and terpenoids, and extracts from the plant have traditionally been used in medicine. Recently, Ginkgo biloba extracts have garnered renewed attention for their potential benefits, particularly in protecting…