Skin aging is driven by both intrinsic chronologic processes and extrinsic factors, primarily photoaging due to ultraviolet (UV) exposure. This degradation manifests as wrinkles, sagging, laxity, and uneven texture, underpinned by structural changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Critical components…
Ginkgo biloba L. leaves contain important bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, organic acids, and terpenoids, and extracts from the plant have traditionally been used in medicine. Recently, Ginkgo biloba extracts have garnered renewed attention for their potential benefits, particularly in protecting…
The human skin acts as a barrier, but it is constantly exposed to the environment and remains vulnerable to microbial infections. Skin infections, characterized by symptoms like pain, swelling, and redness, are commonly caused by bacteria or fungi. One prevalent…
The skin microbiome, which includes commensal microorganisms, is integral to maintaining skin health and homeostasis. An imbalance in this microbial community, known as skin dysbiosis, is associated with numerous dermatological issues, including acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, wound infections, and…
Chronic exposure to UV radiation poses a significant threat to skin health, as it accelerates the breakdown of collagen and elastin fibers, resulting in premature aging symptoms like wrinkles, loss of elasticity, and age spots. Effective protection against UV-induced skin…
While the dangers of ultraviolet (UVA and UVB) radiation exposure are well-documented, recent focus has shifted toward the physiological effects of high-energy visible (HEV) light, commonly known as blue light (380–500 nm), on the skin. Blue light exposure, whether from…
The industry is undergoing a significant shift driven by increasing consumer awareness regarding product safety, environmental impact, and sustainability. Traditional cosmetic products often rely on synthetic compounds, which are continuously scrutinized for their long-term effects on both health and the…
Acne vulgaris is a highly prevalent dermatological disorder, affecting over 85% of adolescents and often persisting into adulthood, particularly among women. Although not typically life-threatening, untreated acne carries significant physical and psychological consequences. Notably, acne is the only dermatological disorder…
Psoriasis is a prevalent chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin condition that manifests clinically with red, swollen, and scaly patches or plaques. It is characterized fundamentally by the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and the dysregulation of cytokine pathways involving various immune cells. Psoriasis…
Skin aging and pigmentation disorders are fundamentally driven by oxidative stress, which is often accelerated by external environmental factors such as UV irradiation and air pollutants. This leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that initiate molecular damage,…