The stratum corneum (SC) serves as the skin’s primary barrier, protecting against harmful substances and minimizing water loss. Niacinamide (NIA), a form of vitamin B3, is a popular skincare ingredient known for its safety and efficacy in treating various…
The growing demand for natural and sustainable ingredients in dermatology and cosmetics has fueled the exploration of novel bio-resources. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in skin health, participating in processes like dermal vasodilation, wound healing, immune response modulation,…
The skin, serving as the primary barrier against environmental stressors, is subject to two main types of aging: intrinsic (natural) and extrinsic (photoaging). Extrinsic aging, caused by factors like pollution and UV light, accelerates skin damage by increasing reactive…
The use of preservatives in topical formulations is essential to prevent microbial growth in water-containing vehicles like creams, gels, and lotions. Ethanol (EtOH) is a common preservative known for its antimicrobial properties and solvent capabilities. However, ethanol’s impact on skin…
The increasing demand for natural and sustainable ingredients in cosmetics has driven research toward medicinal plants. Traditional medicinal plants are being reconsidered as potential solutions for aging-related skin issues, as aging causes a reduction in collagen and elastin fibers, leading…
The growing demand for safe, natural alternatives to conventional treatments for various skin disorders, coupled with the rise in antibiotic resistance, has increased the need for novel approaches to maintaining and improving skin health. Topical probiotics, defined as preparations containing…
The skin’s surface pH (pHss), commonly known as the “acid mantle,” plays a crucial role in maintaining skin barrier integrity, antimicrobial defense, and overall skin homeostasis. Disruptions in the pHss can lead to abnormalities in skin conditions such as eczema…
Aging, characterized by declining physical and cognitive functions, is a significant concern, spurring the exploration of anti-aging strategies. Exposure to UV radiation accelerates skin aging, causing wrinkles and loss of elasticity. Pterostilbene, a natural compound with enhanced bioavailability compared to…
The skin, which is the body’s largest organ, acts as a protective barrier against harmful substances and pathogens. Both internal and external factors influence its condition, with external factors including UV radiation, wind, humidity, air conditioning, physical damage, and microorganisms.…
Exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) poses a significant threat to human skin, inducing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which cause oxidative stress and can lead to premature aging, hyperpigmentation, and other forms of skin damage. While sunscreens…